Plotting a surface

The pygmt.Figure.grdview method can plot 3-D surfaces with surftype="s". Here, we supply the data as an xarray.DataArray with the coordinate vectors x and y defined. Note that the perspective parameter here controls the azimuth and elevation angle of the view. We provide a list of two arguments to frame - the first argument specifies the \(x\)- and \(y\):-axes frame attributes and the second argument, prepended with "z", specifies the \(z\)-axis frame attributes. Specifying the same scale for the projection and zcale parameters ensures equal axis scaling. The shading parameter specifies illumination; here we choose an azimuth of 45° with shading="+a45".

Out:

<IPython.core.display.Image object>

import numpy as np
import pygmt
import xarray as xr


# Define an interesting function of two variables, see:
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackley_function
def ackley(x, y):
    return (
        -20 * np.exp(-0.2 * np.sqrt(0.5 * (x ** 2 + y ** 2)))
        - np.exp(0.5 * (np.cos(2 * np.pi * x) + np.cos(2 * np.pi * y)))
        + np.exp(1)
        + 20
    )


# Create gridded data
INC = 0.05
x = np.arange(-5, 5 + INC, INC)
y = np.arange(-5, 5 + INC, INC)
data = xr.DataArray(ackley(*np.meshgrid(x, y)), coords=(x, y))

fig = pygmt.Figure()

# Plot grid as a 3-D surface
SCALE = 0.5  # in centimeter
fig.grdview(
    data,
    frame=["a5f1", "za5f1"],
    projection=f"x{SCALE}c",
    zscale=f"{SCALE}c",
    surftype="s",
    cmap="roma",
    perspective=[135, 30],  # Azimuth southeast (135°), at elevation 30°
    shading="+a45",
)

fig.show()